Bending Under the Weight of History

As many people know, I have been engaged for several years in researching a tragic event known as the Rhythm Club fire that took place in Natchez, Mississippi, on April 23, 1940.  That fire took the lives of 209 African Americans and when it occurred it was the deadliest club fire in the history of the United States. Yet most Americans have never heard of it. Even worse neither have many Mississippians, because it never made it into the state’s history books nor in the historical scholarship about the state. The closest we’ve come to any assessment is that by folklorist Vincent Joos whose thesis, and an article in the Southern Quarterly, investigated the memory of the fire through blues songs, photographs, and interviews.  This event captured my historian’s brain and I felt it was something worth investigating and writing about and I’ve spent weeks in various archives from Mississippi to Chicago to the National Archives in Washington, DC.

The Rhythm Club on the day after the fire, April 24, 1940. Photo courtesy of the Historic Natchez Foundation.

This past spring I worked diligently on a book proposal and wrote a sample chapter, the Chicago chapter, that explored the Great Migration of Mississippians, the jazz scene, and especially Walter Barnes–the maestro of a jazz orchestra he called his Royal Creolians. They were the group playing the Rhythm Club the night it burned. I then sent it to three agents, and while every single one of them told me how great the writing was, they all said they didn’t think they could sell the book. This was difficult to hear. As I told one of them, “you know, Black Mississippians get their asses handed to them on a daily basis in that state and this feels like one more dismissal of their lives.”   Later, after messaging with a good friend, I decided I would just write the book and figure this part out later.

Right now, I’m committed to writing a chapter focused on the memory of the fire for an edited volume. It’s different from what Joos wrote, although his analysis of the blues are important, as are his interviews.  So, I’ve been slogging away at that. And when I say “slog” I mean it.  It’s like wading through ankle deep mud while carrying a bag of bricks. It’s heavy and it’s difficult. And it’s exhausting.  I’ve kept at it because of the responsibility I feel to the people I’m writing about.

But it has come at the expense of my own self care and I’ve hit a breaking point.  It’s been coming for awhile.

The research and writing for my last two books were hard on me emotionally, because both were focused on difficult history. Goat Castle (2018) was essentially a story of racial injustice.  There were times while writing about the racial trauma of Emily Burns, the domestic who was unjustly convicted and sent to Parchman prison as an accomplice to murder,  that I began to cry. I’d have to stop and go for walks to shake it off. It’s referred to as “secondary trauma” and scholars of slavery and racial violence understand and grapple with these feelings far more than I have, but I am in sympathy with them for the hard work they do.

Then in 2019, I was called on by UNC Press to write what became No Common Ground (2021).  I did so with some hesitation, because not only had I written several op eds to lend some context to the national conversation about Confederate monuments, I had been on the road for two years speaking about the issue, trying to help people to understand the ugly history of white supremacy, racial injustice, and even racial violence that accompanied these seemingly static objects. As I was writing the pandemic hit, as did the isolation. Having to focus on this “hard history,” as the podcast of the same name calls it, was a difficult task and I melted down as I neared the finish line for that book.

Two years after its publication, my editor’s promise that No Common Ground would be the last word on the subject rings hollow, because I’m still being asked to speak and write about the damned monuments, as I call them.  It is a burden, but one I’ve been willing to carry. I do so, because I believe it’s important to educate people about the topic and for them to also hear from a white southerner who speaks honestly about their meaning.

All the while, I have tried valiantly to move on to the book about the Rhythm Club fire, to explain why it was important to the Black community nationally, but especially to those who were so deeply affected by it. I am angry about its erasure from history, as we all should be.

Rhythm Club, woman with Spanish moss
Unidentified woman holding Spanish moss. The fire caught on the moss, which had been used as decoration inside of the club. April 24, 1940, Courtesy of Historic Natchez Foundation.

Yet this, too, is hard history.  And it is rife with trauma. I think it is telling that of the two chapters I’ve written, one examines the  history prior to the fire and the other examines the memory of the fire. I was not, and still am not, ready to write about the suffering of so many young people.

I have personally struggled to even be able to say this out loud, because I feel like I am failing so many people.  My mother asked me “what about failing you?”  It’s the kind of question that can stop you in your tracks. I realize that if I don’t take care of me, I will never be able to do the topic justice.

So, I’m stepping away from it for now and I’m not going to make predictions about if or when I’ll return to it. That’s just more stress that I simply do not need. I hope that my friends and those who have followed this journey will understand.

The Fruit of Preparation and Opportunity

What a week! When I wrote my book No Common Ground: Confederate Monuments and the Ongoing Fight for Racial Justice (UNC Press, 2021) I could not have anticipated the opportunities that have come my way–from speaking engagements to being a talking head in documentaries to invitations to contribute essays in other books.  Sometimes I think I’m lucky, but I also think of luck in the way that Oprah does. “I believe luck is preparation meeting opportunity.”

A year or so ago, I was presented with opportunities–for which I’ve prepared most of my adult life–and they all bore fruit this past week.

325305809_1414362125968434_1700213639048886674_nThe first was to contribute an essay to a book about myths in American history, edited by Princeton historians Kevin Kruse and Julian Zelizer. I wrote about Confederate monuments as an expression of the Lost Cause myth.  This past week that book, Myth America: Historians Take on the Biggest Legends and Lies About Our Past, became an instant best seller on the New York Times bestseller list for nonfiction books, coming in at #8.

The second was to be interviewed for a documentary on Stone Mountain that was being 324560266_503042738633123_9033108230684294788_nproduced by the Atlanta History Center (AHC) and its VP of Digital Storytelling, Kristian Weatherspoon.  This past week I got to attend the film’s premiere at the AHC. It was such a wonderful event and a real celebration of the work that public history institutions can do, plus I got to meet a personal heroine of mine, Sally Yates, the former United States Deputy Attorney General and Acting Attorney General who stood up to former President Trump’s so-called “Muslim ban.” She was dismissed for doing so, but I regarded it as an act of moral courage. We need more of that in today’s world.

White TerrorThen last, but not least, I just received my copy of the re-released book White Terror: The Ku Klux Klan Conspiracy and Southern Reconstruction by Allen W. Trelease.  It was a book I campaigned to have placed back in print, because it remains relative to historical discussions about Reconstruction but also to our contemporary understanding of domestic terrorism. It was an honor for me to write the foreword since Dr. Trelease was a professor and mentor while I was a student in the master’s program in history at UNC Greensboro.

I’ve worked hard for what I’ve accomplished, but sometimes it feels like an embarrassment of riches. This week was one of those weeks.

 

Dixie’s Daughters almost never happened

Confederacy Daughters Unveil Monument
Members of the UDC gathered at the Confederate monument in Arlington National Cemetery, located in Jackson Circle. ca. 1913, Courtesy of Getty Images

I want to share a story about my 2003 book Dixie’s Daughters: The United Daughters of the Confederacy and the Preservation of Confederate Culture (University Press of Florida), which will be issued as a revised edition with a scheduled publication date of January 2019.  Woot!

When I drafted the new preface, I thought it would be interesting to provide a little background on the publishing history of Dixie’s Daughters. My justification for including it was that I wanted all of you out there who have struggled to get something published or may end up in that struggle, particularly graduate students and junior scholars who follow my work on Twitter and elsewhere, to know that you aren’t alone.

The struggle is real!!

My own road was such a bumpy one, I despaired that it might never happen.  On the advice of my editor, however, what follows will not be in the revised edition.  Nonetheless, I want to share it with you, in case it is of some comfort or inspiration.

So, for your amusement and edification, here it is:

“It may come as a surprise that Dixie’s Daughters was almost never published. Despite the fact that no less than twelve university presses expressed interest in publishing my dissertation, it was rough going. Three different university presses received the manuscript at various points in time. The editor at the first press I sent the manuscript to never sent it out to readers. Perhaps it served as a very robust coaster for whatever was in his coffee cup. A second more prestigious press did due diligence and I received readers’ reports. One of them supported publication, while the other demurred, citing scholarship that I should engage. The only problem was that said scholarship had yet to be published and remained a work-in-progress. A third regional press took it in for a proposed series that never materialized. After revisions, this press sat on the manuscript for an entire year, only to box it up and mail it to me with the note that it was no longer of interest. At my wit’s end, I reached out to Marjorie Spruill who suggested I work with Meredith Babb at the University Press of Florida. Meredith laid out the process for getting the book published, so I took the boxed up manuscript that had been returned to me and mailed it to her. Unchanged. Within two months I had the readers’ reports and a book contract and, it turned out, a new tenure-track job with the University of North Carolina at Charlotte.”

And the rest, as the saying goes, is history.

 

What’s Happening!!

The cast of What’s Happening!!

As a pre-teen in the ’70s, I was a fan of the show “What’s Happening” with Roger, Dee, their Momma, Rerun, and Dwayne. And let’s not forget Shirley. So, even though I’m writing about what’s happening with me as an author, I can’t help but think of that show.

I’ve got a few speaking/book engagements coming up, too.

University of Michigan, March 12th
Tennessee Williams Festival, March 25th
Univ. of Louisiana-Lafayette, April 10-11th
Seminary Co-op in Chicago, May 3rd
DePaul University, May 4th

Then, in May, Louisiana University Press will release the volume Reassessing the 1930s South, which I co-edited with Sarah Gardner, a professor of history at Mercer University.  The volume is truly interdisciplinary as it brings together scholars of history, literature, and American Studies.

This summer, I’ll return to Natchez for local research on my newest project, which will examine the Rhythm Club Fire that took the lives of 209 African Americans on April 23, 1940.  It was one of the deadliest fires in the history of the U.S., outranking the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire in New York in 1911.

 

Seasons Bleatings!

Seasons Bleatings!

“Oh, the weather outside is frightful,
But the fire is so delightful,
And since we’ve no place to go,
Let it snow, let it snow, let it snow!”

Dear Friends and Readers,

I have so much to be grateful for this year, especially with the publication, in October, of my book Goat Castle: A True Story of Murder, Race, and the Gothic South by UNC Press.

My travels to promote the book took me to Chicago, IL, Spartanburg, SC, Greensboro and Charlotte, NC, Mobile, AL, Baton Rouge and New Orleans, LA, and several towns in Mississippi, including Greenwood, Oxford, Jackson, and, of course, Natchez!  I did so with the support of family, friends, and my press–especially Brandon Proia (my editor) and Gina Mahalek (my publicist).

 

Along the way, I wrote some essays about the research that went into Goat Castle for Publishers Weekly, the Organization of American Historian’s blog Process, and an essay that linked my research to today’s incarceration of women of color for TIME magazine.  I appeared on several podcasts, and did a number of Q&A interviews for book bloggers and even VICE magazine.

What I had not expected was Charlottesville.

In the midst of promoting my book, I got caught in the public whirlwind about Confederate monuments. That began in August after white supremacists gathered in Charlottesville under the pretense of defending the Robert E. Lee monument there. In response, I wrote op-eds for the New York Times (twice), The Washington Post,  and CNN (twice), while also being interviewed by numerous media outlets including the BBC, i24 Israeli television, Newsweek, The Atlantic, Slate (France), the Los Angeles Times, and newspapers in Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Japan.  To be honest, I lost count of the interviews, because this issue became a global one overnight.  I was also reminded of the fact that people don’t always appreciate what a historian writes. And yet, I also believe that historians must continue to write on issues for which they have expertise.

But, back to the goats.

Writing Goat Castle was the most rewarding endeavor of my career.  I met wonderful people in Natchez, got to know descendants of one of the principals in the book, and was able to write a book that most people have found accessible.  Everyone from my Aunt Wilma to my hairdresser seems to like it, and not just because they know me.

I’m frequently asked “what’s next?” I’m still trying to figure it out.  When I do, I’ll let you know. In the meantime, Goat Castle has only been out a couple of months.  And, it still has a future.  Stay tuned.